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Piston-cylinder apparatus : ウィキペディア英語版 | Piston-cylinder apparatus
== Introduction ==
The piston-cylinder apparatus is a solid media device, used in Geosciences and Material Sciences, for generating simultaneously high pressure (up to 6 GPa) and temperature (up to 1700 °C). Modifications of the normal set-up can push these limits to even higher pressures and temperatures. A particular type of piston-cylinder, called Griggs apparatus, is also able to add a deviatoric stress on the sample.
The principle of the instrument is to generate pressure by compressing a sample assembly, which includes a resistance furnace, inside a pressure vessel. Controlled high temperature is generated by applying a regulated voltage to the furnace and monitoring the temperature with a thermocouple. The pressure vessel is a cylinder that is closed at one end by a rigid plate with a small hole for the thermocouple to pass through. A piston is advanced into the cylinder at the other hand.〔Dunn T. (1993) – The piston-cylinder apparatus. In: Luth R. W. (Ed.) Experiments at High Pressure and Applications to the Earth’s Mantle, MAC Short Course Handbook, Vol. 21, Mineralogical Association of Canada, pp. 39-94.〕
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